As we know, before object-oriented programming (OOP), programs were written using procedural languages. Procedural languages stress functions. The bigger problems are broken down into smaller subproblems and written as functions. Procedural languages did not pay attention to data. As a result, the possibility of not addressing the problem effectively was high. Also, as data was almost neglected, data security was easily compromised. All these drawbacks of procedural programming were overcome by object-oriented programming. In this tutorial, we will discuss the fundamentals of object-oriented programming and in short all the features of OOP. Download the Edureify app now for coding features.
Object-Oriented Programming In C++
Object-oriented programming revolves around data. The main programming unit of OOP is the object. An object is a representation of a real-time entity and consists of data and methods or functions that operate on data. This way, data, and functions are closely bound and data security is ensured.
In OOP, everything is represented as an object and when programs are executed, the objects interact with each other by passing messages. An object need not know the implementation details of another object for communicating.
Also, read about Encapsulation in JAVA and get detailed information.
Apart from objects, OOP supports various features which are listed below:
- Classes
- Encapsulation
- Abstraction
- Inheritance
- Polymorphism
Using OOP, we write programs using classes and objects by utilizing the above features. A programming language is said to be a true object-oriented programming language if everything it represents is using an object. Smalltalk is one language that is a pure object-oriented programming language.
Also read about the Polymorphism in JAVA and don’t leave any aspect untouched.
On the other hand, programming languages like C++, and Java are said to be partial object-oriented programming languages.
Why C++ Is Partial OOP?
C++ language was designed with the main intention of using object-oriented features in the C language.
Although C++ language supports the features of OOP like Classes, objects, inheritance, encapsulation, abstraction, and polymorphism, there are few reasons why C++ is classified as a partial object-oriented programming language.
Also read about OOPs concepts in JAVA, which are prepared by the experts.
We present a few of these reasons below:
1) Creation of class/objects is Optional
In C++, the main function is mandatory and is always outside the class. Hence, we can have only one main function in the program and can do without classes and objects.
This is the first violation of Pure OOP language where everything is represented as an object.
2) Use of Global Variables
C++ has a concept of global variables that are declared outside the program and can be accessed by any other entity of the program. This violates encapsulation. Though C++ supports encapsulation concerning classes and objects, it doesn’t take care of it in the case of global variables.
3) Presence of a Friend Function
C++ supports a friend class or function that can be used to access private and protected members of other classes by making them a friend. This is yet another feature of C++ that violates the OOP paradigm. Also, see the Bootcamp coding courses at Edureify now.
To conclude, although C++ supports all the OOP features mentioned above, it also provides features that can act as a workaround for these features, so that we can do without them. This makes C++ a partial Object-oriented programming language.
Advantages Of OOP
Let us discuss some of the advantages of OOP.
1) Reusability
OOP allows the existing code to be reused through inheritance. We can easily acquire the existing functionality and improve on it without having to rewrite the code again. This results in less bloated code. Refer to the Bootcamp coding courses now and get complete details about the same.
2) Modularity
As we modularize the program in OOP, it’s easy to modify or troubleshoot the program if a problem occurs or a new feature or enhancement is to be added. Modularization also helps in code clarity and makes it more readable.
3) Flexibility
OOP helps us with flexible programming using the polymorphism feature. As polymorphism takes many forms, we can have operators or functions that will work with many objects and thus save us from writing different functions for each object.
4) Maintainability
Maintaining code is easier as it is easy to add new classes, objects, etc without much restructuring or changes. To know more about the Bootcamp coding courses at Edureify, search and get access to the complete information.
5) Data and Information Hiding
OOP aids us in data hiding thereby keeping information safe from leaking. Only the data that is required for the smooth functioning of the program are exposed to the user by hiding intrinsic details.
OOP in C++ is the most important and flexible programming paradigm of modern programming. It is specifically useful in modeling real-world problems and thus is very popular.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Question:- What are the concepts of oops in C++?
Answer:- Object-Oriented Programming is a paradigm that provides many concepts such as inheritance, data binding, polymorphism, etc. The programming paradigm where everything is represented as an object is known as a truly object-oriented programming language.
Question:- What is the OOPs concept with examples?
Answer:- Object means a real-world entity such as a pen, chair, table, computer, watch, etc. Object-Oriented Programming is a methodology or paradigm to design a program using classes and objects. It simplifies software development and maintenance by providing some concepts: Object.
Question:- Why OOPs the concept of OOPs used?
Answer:- Object-oriented programming aims to implement real-world entities like inheritance, hiding, polymorphism, etc in programming. The main aim of OOP is to bind together the data and the functions that operate on them so that no other part of the code can access this data except that function.
Question:- What are OOPs methods?
Answer:-In object-oriented programming, a method is a programmed procedure that is defined as part of a class and included in any object of that class. A class (and thus an object) can have more than one method.
